Which reasoning explains the failure to complete a construction project on time based on external factors?

The reasoning that best explains the failure to complete a construction project on time based on external factors is rationalization. This involves justifying or explaining an outcome by attributing it to reasons that may not necessarily reflect a deeper or more complex analysis of the situation. In this case, claiming that external factors caused the delay provides a way to account for the missed deadline without addressing potential internal issues or mismanagement that could also be at play.

Rationalization allows individuals or organizations to position these external factors as the primary cause of the project's delay, framing the narrative to protect themselves from criticism or responsibility. This reasoning often downplays any potential faults in planning, resource allocation, or execution that could also be contributing factors. It creates a narrative that is simpler and easier to accept, even though it may not capture the whole picture.

Understanding this reasoning helps in analyzing situations beyond the surface level and recognizing how external factors might be highlighted while internal issues are overlooked.