What issue does Smedley associate with the decline in literacy among high school graduates?

Smedley associates the decline in literacy among high school graduates with a lack of traditional methods. This perspective suggests that the educational system may be moving away from proven instructional techniques that have historically been effective in teaching foundational literacy skills. By emphasizing traditional methods, such as direct instruction and a focus on phonetics or rigorous reading practices, it is believed that students would develop stronger literacy skills.

The decline in the application of these traditional teaching techniques can lead to gaps in students' abilities to read and write proficiently. In contrast, reliance on newer, unproven methodologies might not adequately prepare students with the essential skills needed for strong literacy. Thus, the argument highlights the importance of maintaining tried-and-true educational practices to ensure students graduate with the necessary competencies.